Erbil, 19 February 2009

Speech by KRG Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani

Roundtable: Ten-year plan to strengthen the rule of law

Good afternoon and welcome. I am pleased to participate in this discussion with you about the supremacy of the rule of law.

One of the most important duties of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) is to strengthen our judiciary and law enforcement mechanisms. We know that, more than almost any other challenge, failure to address these matters will hold back progress across a broad range of issues.

For this reason, we are grateful to the United States government for paying attention to this issue, and working together with us in order to help us achieve these goals.

I consider this roundtable today to be an important start, but I would like to make a point about action. In the past five years since the liberation, we have had many delegations –governments, private sector entities, NGOs and others – who have come here to discuss important issues with us.

We have held many conferences and meetings on a range of problems. These meetings have been useful in many areas, but it is also true that meetings and conferences do not solve problems. So we must move forward practically, and we should prepare a plan for implementation in order to achieve our goals. And we would like you to help us in our efforts.

I would hope today that we can also discuss ideas and proposals for concrete actions that we can take immediately, which can help improve our performance in the judicial system and the rule of law in the Kurdistan Region.

I will be brief because I am anxious to hear what others have to say and provide everyone with an opportunity to contribute to this discussion. Below are six principle themes upon which I believe we should focus – within the framework of a comprehensive plan.

1) Training of Judges We have taken steps to create a more independent judiciary and to give judges greater freedom and resources to do their jobs without obstacles.
Overall, we have made progress here, and I think our judges are more effective than they were a few years ago. However, they need more training and more experience in administering the law.

And we need to begin today to train new lawyers and new judges for the future. Many of our best judges are old, and we do not have adequate replacements trained.

2) Simplifying the judicial process Our judicial process is confusing and complicated, with overlapping authorities and responsibilities. No average citizen can understand the system and even some of our lawyers do not understand it.
It is a mixture of several different systems and it works too slowly. We are not able to follow up individual cases due to the lack of suitable legal mechanisms, and the bureaucracy in our courts and ministries is overwhelming.

3) Developing effective investigative skills and technologies It is true that in our system the courts have substantial investigative powers, but there should be a comprehensive method to handle these duties.

For example, we do a reasonable job at investigating routine criminal complaints, but our courts are not at all capable of following up and investigating crimes of violence against women.

We have made some progress in developing new skills within our police force, but the courts have important investigative powers that are not well developed at all. That is why we must do more in this regard.

4) Updated correctional and prison system Our prison system is old and in need of repair and renewal. We do not effectively rehabilitate our prisoners, and too many of them return to society only to repeat their crimes. Therefore we must develop plans for social rehabilitation and pay attention to the psychological conditions within the prisons.

5) Education of the public We need to pay more attention to public education. Our people need to be taught, from primary school, to respect the law, courts and the police. In our colleges there is a need to develop curricula so that pupils are educated in a progressive way.

6) Cooperation with other regional initiatives We are aware of initiatives being implemented by the American Bar Association and the US Government in other countries. It would be of great benefit to us to be able to liaise with some of these programmes and to learn from their experiences.

For example, we feel the Jordanian judicial system shares similarities with ours. Developing training and educational links with our counterparts in the region would be of immense value to us.

We should all work with civil society organisations and the media in order to increase the legal awareness of our people in regard to these issues. This is a subject upon which I have placed a great deal of importance. And it is a priority in the KRG’s agenda.

These are some of the ideas that I would like to openly discuss with you. I would like both sides to seriously engage in this issue. Thank you all for coming and participating in this event. Your efforts are most appreciated. Thank you.

See also the press release on the rule of law round table.

Erbil, 17 February 2009

Speech by KRG Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani
at the conference to support contemporary religious sermons.

Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished guests, religious scholars,

Good morning and welcome. I warmly welcome the religious scholars – Muslim, Christian, Sabae Mandaean and Yezidi – and the scholars of the Kakayie and Shabak communities, who are gathering at this conference. I am very pleased to have the chance to meet with you today. I would like to thank all of you, especially those who have traveled a long way to attend this conference. Thank you for your efforts to come here.

I very much wanted to meet with you to discuss the important issues and subjects that our people face. I would like to talk very openly and frankly so we understand each other better. We all know that, politically and in terms of security, we have tremendous challenges ahead of us. However, in addition to local elections, disputed areas, relations with Baghdad, and several other issues relevant to security aspects, there are a number of social issues that confront us as well.

We face a number of social concerns in the area of respect for human rights in general, and respect for ethnic minorities and religious freedoms. While we try to free ourselves from the effects of decades of oppression and isolation, we face several obstacles as we try to join the advanced world.

We as the people of Kurdistan have to be ready to face these challenges and overcome these obstacles; including corruption, negligence and illiteracy.

I would like to talk openly about the issues of society, religion and ethnic diversity here in the Kurdistan Region. The challenges that we have ahead of us are serious. If we allow ourselves to be divided or separated, there is no doubt that our capability to face these challenges will be diminished. And we will not be able to succeed at this delicate stage.

In each of these significant issues, the role of religion and religious leaders is vital. While we are a diverse society, the overwhelming majority of our people adhere to the Islamic faith. And many of our laws and customs find their roots in the religion of Islam. A large number of our people attend mosques regularly, and our leading religious officials have great influence throughout the region. The majority of our people try to live a life of dignity, and to rely on the high values they find in religion, humanity and society.

We in the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), through the Ministry of Endowment and Religious Affairs, have taken significant steps to serve the respected religious scholars and improve their living conditions, based on their abilities. And we will continue our efforts so that the religious scholars, as they were respected in the past, will continue to be so in the future. And they will be an effective and respected layer of our community.

The provision of services to the Islamic religious clerics and the construction and rehabilitation of the holy places are clear evidence that the KRG has fulfilled the government action plan in this regard, and is still committed to its promises. Rest assured that this process will continue and will expand further.

Our efforts to uphold Islam and support the progress of Islamic education are unique in the countries of the Islamic world. It is the duty of the respectful religious scholars, in their sermons, prayer sessions and advice, to work for peaceful coexistence, the love of the homeland, and respect for each other, as called for by Islam. And not what some others, under the guise of Islam, are trying to implement, by suspect methods that create confusion in society.

Islamic guidance says love your brother as you love yourself; which means, what you see for yourself as just and good, you should see as just and good for your brother as well.

Here the meaning of ‘brother’ is a brother in religion, a fellow citizen, and somebody with whom you live. So all of us that live in the Region are brothers and cooperate with each other.

In many different eras, religious scholars in the Kurdistan Region have been the guides for honesty, sincerity and the expression of the truth. In the past, they underwent the stages of Muslim scholarship in the small learning centres of the mosques, under the guidance of Islamic scholars. They trained for their licenses. These respectful figures, without receiving anything in return, have been going to mosques and remote villages to spread the pure message of Islam: the message of peace, coexistence and tolerance.

In the era of Kurdistan’s September Revolution (from 1961 to 1975), Muslim and Christian religious scholars played a leading role in their communities. They delivered humane, patriotic, religious messages and at the same time embodied the spirit of struggle for liberation. They were always men of principle in the face of oppression and the coercion that was exercised against our people.

The Religious Scholars Union founded by the late Mustafa Barzani in the 1960s was another attempt to foster harmony among religious scholars and speak with one voice vis-à-vis religious and national issues.

At that time, you struggled and were a source of pride for your people. Now you carry the same message and are able to play your role in upholding Islam and spreading feelings of patriotism, humanity and brotherly coexistence to protecting the Kurdistan Region, freedom and the interests of our people.

During the time of the former regime, when the villages in the Kurdistan Region were being destroyed and mosques were being detonated, it was the religious scholars who took a position and courageously faced these unspeakable crimes committed against the houses of God, villages and innocent people.

After the uprising, Muslim and Christian religious scholars and others have had the same attitude and tried to convey the message of almighty God in the right way. You are a strong channel for spreading the culture of brotherhood, forgiveness, harmony and acceptance.

We hope that the entire community of religious scholars, including Imams and preachers of the mosques, in full reliance on Islam, will encourage Muslims and the entire society in the Kurdistan Region to conduct itself properly, so that each individual in this community accomplishes his duty within the framework of law and order.

Islam and other divine religions in general educate human beings and guide them so that they are faithful, honest and merciful to their own people. There is an important point that we should remember at all times. When we were suffering and facing difficulties, we were all together. The previous regime in Baghdad did not distinguish among family, tribe, religion and ethnicity in the Kurdistan Region. And we have all made sacrifices together.

The chemical weapons which were used against our people did not discriminate among Muslims, Christians, Yezidis, or among Kurds, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Syriacs, or Turkmen. Or between men, women and children. Very brutally, according to a well-formulated plan, the weapons killed everyone.

When the economic conditions were very harsh, it was the same situation for all. Therefore, during the difficult, unfortunate and fateful times, we were together and we lived side by side.

We have carried the heavy burden of a difficult past together.

We are all partners in sharing a strong hope for a bright future. Today, whether we are religious, social, political, or economic leaders, we are all living in a time of which our ancestors dreamt and for which they struggled and offered sacrifices to make a reality.

Only ten years ago we were in the midst of a very difficult humanitarian catastrophe. Who would have believed then that in a short period of time the regime of Baghdad would change, Iraq would be liberated, the Kurdistan Region would be free, and we would be taking steps toward an unprecedented period in our history.

After the liberation of Iraq in 2003 large areas of the country, excluding the Kurdistan Region, became arenas for conflict and the provocation of sectarian sentiment. Afterwards, terror, suicide attacks and the killing of civilians followed.

The people of the Kurdistan Region reacted bravely and dealt with the situation. And we did not allow terrorists, the bearers of fundamentalist ideology and those who commit acts of destruction under the name of Islam, to infiltrate our society. We did not allow them to damage the stability and security of the Kurdistan Region. Christians, Sabae and Mandeans in Baghdad suffered from terror and violent crimes. Individuals of the Kurdistan Region in Kirkuk and Mosul were also terrorized and displaced.

Terrorism, suicide killings and the murdering of innocent civilians have never been a part of the culture of the people of the Kurdistan Region, Muslim people, or other believers in the Region. Those who tried their best to bring such acts into our society – acts which are against the messages of God, the holy Quran, and all divine religions – failed to do so. This is because our youth have always been wary and understood the bad intentions of those people.

Terrorists at times have managed to take advantage of some opportunities to commit bombings and suicide attacks. But relying on the help of our faithful citizens, the police, security establishment and the Peshmerga forces of the Kurdistan Region, we have managed to quickly uncover the masterminds based outside the Kurdistan Region. From now on, we must always be aware and vigilant, because Iraq and the broader region remain fertile ground for violence and there is always the possibility of recurrence.

Divine religions carry the message of peace, coexistence and tolerance. In the history of our people, there have never been any issues or conflicts between Muslims and other religions in the Kurdistan Region. On the contrary, all the believers from all the religions in the Kurdistan Region have lived together as brothers and respect each others’ beliefs. We are pleased that a large community of Christians live in the Kurdistan Region and have been here since the beginning of Christianity – long before the emergence of Islam.

The divine religion of Christianity is one of the major religions of the world today and remains continuously in dialogue with Islam. Today Assyrian, Chaldean, Syriac, and Armenian Christians are all citizens of the Kurdistan Region, side by side with us.

We in the Kurdistan Regional Government support the wishes of our people and we will not allow the valuable religious and social fabric of our people to be weakened or disintegrate.

The sermons of our religious clerics should be far from violence and distortion, and they should be objective and contemporary and shed light on religious and social issues under the umbrella of Islam. And in this regard the KRG Ministry of Endowments and Religious Affairs supports such an approach.

When I refer to a united stance, I do not mean one particular group or one political ideology or one specific religion. I refer to a group of political and religious approaches that have united for the sake of one aim: developing the Kurdistan Region. We are proud that our Region has diverse ethnicities and religions.

We have been living together for hundreds of years: Kurds, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Syriacs, Turkmen, Arabs, Muslims, Christians, Yezidis, and other components of our society. We have never allowed religious and sectarian differences to make us weak. In fact, the diversity among us became a source of strength and power in the Kurdistan Region.

When we were in the mountains during the times of resistance, we were fighting for our cause - despite the threats of death - and we were hoping for a bright future. We never asked each other where our neighbour was from and what religious background he was. What was important at that time is that we were caring for each other. When someone was in pain and needed help, we never asked him which mosque or church he attended, what his ethnic or religious background was, or from which area he came. Instead, he was offered food, clothing and shelter, and was treated as a member of the society. He was respected.

If we want to succeed while facing our challenges, we need to work for the future with the same spirit of tolerance and vision. We must not and can not allow these issues to separate us or weaken us.

It is our main task in the Region to reconstruct our villages, rebuild our service infrastructure, improve our educational and health systems, and revive our agricultural sector. Our job is to reconstruct our society and rehabilitate our economy. We may wish to help other people outside the Region, but we do not yet possess the capacity for that; nor do we find ourselves in the position of power to offer such assistance.

History is full of examples and stories about other countries and regions that have achieved tremendous progress as a result of the peaceful coexistence of different groups and religions. Today Malaysia and Singapore are good examples. Lebanon – for much of its history – and Nigeria today are also examples because of the tolerant spirit and coexistence among different groups. The Philippines also has a very diverse assortment of ethnic and religious groups.

Among other advanced countries, places like Canada, Belgium and Russia have a history of embracing different ethnicities and religions. Citizens all live peacefully together and have settled their differences. Even South Africa, after a century of brutal oppression, now has managed to build a bridge among the different racial groups and become an economic and political leader of the African continent.

Today, in the Kurdistan Region we have shown the world an example of religious and ethnic coexistence and culture, praised by other countries.

It is true that in the history of humanity there are many examples of differences, and religious and racial oppression. But examples of peaceful and tolerant coexistence are much more prevalent. If we look at history we will see that no great society in the world can be sustained if it is ruled by religious or racial oppressors.

Religious tolerance is the symbol of all civilised and successful societies. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights very clearly emphasises the fact that all nations and countries must support religious freedom and respect the rights of all people to select their religion and worship.

Therefore it is important that all of us in a position of responsibility – whether religious leaders, political or social leaders, or leaders in the fields of media, civil society or the private sector – all emphasise the shared vision for a better and a brighter future. And for all of us to stand firmly against efforts which aim at discrimination and mistrust within our society.

Therefore I turn to you today as scholars, men of true faith and worshippers of God. In order to develop and encourage tolerance, coexistence and ethnic and religious harmony, let us remember that there is no conflict between being a good Muslim and being a good neighbour.

We can achieve prosperity in the future through respect for our past.

We can firmly sustain and preserve our historical and cultural heritage while we embrace concepts of modern society and freedom. At the same time we can respect our religious commitment and respect the religious commitments of those who worship differently.

Distinguished guests,

The important idea is that worshipping God unites us all. We believe in freedom of religious ceremonies for all faiths. And therefore we must accept each other as we are, because citizenship unites us all in the homeland. And accepting each other, respecting each other, and respecting national, human and religious values are key preconditions for coexistence.

We should not allow and we will not allow any group, in the name of religion, to use violence against another group. Holding this conference is a wise step and comes at the right time. The Ministry of Endowment and Religious Affairs fulfills its national and religious duty in order to put forth valuable research and exchanges of views for the sake of modern, religious sermons; and to further serve the citizens of the Kurdistan Region from the pulpits of the mosques.

Distinguished clerics,

As you know, there was recently a broad international dialogue among the religions of Islam, Christianity and Judaism in New York. This was the initiative of His Majesty the King of Saudi Arabia. These efforts are appreciated. As there is a dialogue among the major religions, there should be dialogue and understanding within the religions. Members of the sects of Islam should accept each other as they are, and should accept each other’s rituals and ceremonies. And within the religions and the composition of the Kurdistan Region in general, brotherly dialogue and understanding should spread even further.

We hope that this strong structure that has been in place for hundreds of years will continue to exist and strengthen the relations between different ethnicities and religions. And we hope that our religious clerics will teach coming generations about each other and about acceptance, tolerance and respect for one another.

We in the government of the Kurdistan Region will continue to support the efforts of the Ministry of Endowment and Religious Affairs for further service to the religious clerics. We also support the Ministry of Endowment and Religious Affairs as it publishes and disseminates books and pamphlets that combine national and religious sentiments.

Based on our capability, we will be cooperative in striving to employ the graduates of the Islamic colleges and institutes, according to demand, as preachers, clerics and teachers in religious schools. We will also continue to support the Christian religious clerics and the other religious groups. And we will provide a conducive atmosphere for students.

Finally, I would like to wish you success in this conference. I hope your research will serve as both a foundation and a further incentive to expand the religious and ethnic harmony in the Kurdistan Region.

Thank you.

See also the press release on the conference to support contemporary religious sermons.